Remineralization: A Review of Current Technologies with an Outlook for the Future

Desal permeate and naturally soft water are low in pH and mineral content and buffer capacity. As a result, these waters are considered unstable, aggressive to metals, and can be detrimental to personal health. The re-introduction of minerals, or remineralization, is an essential post-treatment process that makes the water suitable for discharge into the water distribution network. Although the main objective of remineralization is to achieve stable and buffered water, the health benefits associated with sufficient calcium intake is becoming a primary factor in setting higher targets for remineralization. This paper reviews the conventional technologies currently employed for remineralization, assesses the merits of each and reviews the current trends and challenges facing system designers.