Pathogen Removal Credit by Reverse Osmosis for Potable Reuse: Sensitivity of Monitoring Techniques and Establishing Control Limits

Reverse osmosis (RO) has played an important role in the practice of potable reuse yet there remains a substantial discrepancy between its actual performance and awarded pathogen log removal credit. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate alternative surrogates, both naturally occurring as well as seeded to RO feed water, that offer higher levels of removal in comparison to currently employed methods, such as electrical conductivity and total organic carbon.