Water efficiency (recovery) for industrial process and wastewater treatment is often limited by hardness and silica levels in the feed stream. In particular, water efficiencies above 90% often lead to significant operational challenges for membrane desalination systems. This presentation will discuss the challenges presented by hardness and silica levels in the feed stream, strategies to overcome these challenges to achieve economic water efficiencies up to 98%, and supporting case studies.

Details
First NameChad
Last NameUnrau
KeywordsHigh Water Recovery, Scale Control, Electrochemical Desalination
Year21
File1-4_Unrau_Chad.pdf