NORIT Ultrafiltration as Pre-treatment to RO for Municipal Effluent Reuse: The Sulabiya Project

This paper describes two major reuse projects that apply ultrafiltration (UF): one in Melbourne, Australia and one in Kuwait. In both the feed source is secondary municipal effluent from an activated sludge process, and the reclaimed water is used for non-potable applications (mainly irrigation water). ? However both projects differ in a number of ways:? The Melbourne project applies a multiple barrier approach with UF providing pathogen, bacteria and virus removal and chloramination for virus inactivation.? The Kuwait project uses a double membrane barrier with UF followed by reverse osmosis to remove pathogens and dissolved materials.