Membrane Retroft of Conventional Water Treatment Plants Applicability, Examples and Lessons Learned

The use of membrane systems in municipal applications can be divided between new green field plants and retrofit of existing conventional filtration facilities. Both types of construction have their benefits and drawbacks depending on the application, site conditions and age of the existing infrastructure. Using a retrofit approach can be very beneficial by reducing the cost and shortening the schedule when conditions are right. It should therefore be considered before automatically choosing to build a new plant when existing infrastructures exist.