Innovations in Maximizing Water Recovery for Difficult Industrial Wastewaters: MLD and ZLD

In many regions, wastewater discharge from industrial sites must be greatly minimized or completely eliminated. To reduce energy and capital costs, multiple membrane are often included to maximize recovery of water. Two new, key membrane processes which have been developed for this are nanofiltration membranes which separate sulfate and chloride salts, and ultra high pressure RO membranes which can operate up to 125,000 mg/l TDS. Two case studies will be presented which show the performance of these membranes in treating difficult wastewaters.