General Introduction to Shale O&G Development & Environmental Challenges

Shale oil and gas, accessed by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, is a critical and growing part of North American energy production plans. One of the challenges faced during extraction is the treatment and management of flowback, also called frac or produced water. In this presentation a flowsheet is examined with a focus on viable alternatives for the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) including membrane treatment, evaporation and crystallization.