Evaluation of NF Membrane Characteristics for Production of Designer Water from Seawater

The paper discusses the technical limitations for smart water production for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) using seawater as feed for membranes. Three options to dilute the retentate were evaluated; i.e., combinations of NF and RO, MSFD and fresh water. A combination of NF and RO was suggested as the most feasible process.. Performance of the membranes was evaluated in terms of rejection under varying feed compositions, pressures and recovery rates. Results were also evaluated in terms of desalination efficiencies and energy requirements