Effects of Energy Recovery Device Reliability on the Operation and Costs of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Plants

In contrast to the many papers previously published and presented on energy recovery devices (ERD) in seawater RO systems, this presentation will consider the effects of ERD availability and reliability on the function, efficiency, and cost of seawater desalination plants. In this way, this presentation will have interest and value to engineers, operators, and end users of high-pressure membrane systems for desalination, reuse, and industrial applications.