Coagulation & Direct Filtration

This presentation addresses pretreatment methods in combination with low pressure hollow fiber membranes in the micro-filtration and ultra-filtration range when utilized to treat surface waters. The presentation does not focus on any specific membrane manufacturer, but shows that several manufacturers have products that will provide an effective TOC reduction when used in combination with a coagulation method targeted to their specific membrane and the constituents that are to be removed. The presentation also shows that relatively low cost retrofits to existing facilities can provide a significant improvement in TOC reduction and thus a significant reduction in disinfection byproducts.