Inland Desalination Using Closed-Circuit Reverse Osmosis

Inland desalination faces unique challenges foremost of which is brine disposal. Challenges include salinity management, waste reduction, and operational complexity. Innovative technologies including closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) may play a role in cost effective solutions. This paper discusses the use of CCRO as a primary RO for potable reuse and some of the challenges faced during pilot test phase of the project.